. 上のリンク先をたどれば、ニュースサイトだけに絞った例文が続々と見つかる。 その中でも特に New York Times だけに限っても、次のようなものがさっそく見つかる。
INTERVIEWER: Do you still get the same joy from writing a song that you did early on?
有名人 (Joan Jet): I definitely do. But I think I feel more fearful that you’re not going to come up with anything. You don’t sit down, ★because if you sit down, then you have to come up with something, and if you don’t, what then★?
Because if AAA, then BBB. = Because BBB if AAA. = It is because BBB if AAA. = It is because, if AAA, BBB. = The reason is that, if AAA, BBB. = The reason is that BBB if AAA.
さらに、If AAA, then BBB. というときの then は、 大昔からよく使われる If XXX, then YYY. という構文であって、現代でもときどき使われる。 特に XXX の部分がものすごく長いときには、then をつけないとどこからどこまでが if の 影響下にあるかがわからなくなる。さらに論理学やコンピュータ言語の一部として "if then statement" とか "If then 命令" とかいうものがある。
In my opinion, education for children can solve the problem. I have taken a class which teaches something ethical in school before. That content doesn’t seem to work well. Actually, it was so boring that a lot of students doze in the middle of the school. Therefore, the content should be changed to things that students are interested in. For example, the short video about poverty with system of computers or smartphones would be great. That way, children who have taken education of this kind work for a better world.
> Therefore, the content should be changed to things that students are interested in.
Thereforeを使うほど論理的なつながりが無いので言い換えたほうが良い。 たとえば、 However, if they use contents that stimulate students' intellectual curiosity, this kind of classes can be an excellent opportunity for students to learn about the poverty in the world and think about how to resolve it.
> For example, the short video about poverty with system of computers or smartphones would
be great. the -> a with system of computers or smartphones いらない using visual aids such as showing a short video clips would とかかね
> That way, children who have taken education of this kind work for a better world.
(1) In my opinion, education for children can solve the problem.
本当かどうか知らないが、日本語ネイティブがよく「私の意見では」と言いたがるときにそれを すぐに In my opinion と訳してしまうと、ものすごく大げさに聞こえるそうだ。だから俺は今のところ、 自分では In my opinion を使わないことにしている。英語ネイティブが In my opinion を使ったときに、 その使われ方を観察する程度に留めるようにしている。
さらに、この英作文の前に the problem の内容が語られていたのだろう?それならば、 the problem は旧情報なので、前に持ってきた方が読者としては読みやすい。 The problem を主語にすると、どうしても受け身を使ってしまいたくなって、そうなると 「できれば受け身ではなく能動態を使った方が読みやすくすっきりする」という原則を破ることになってしまうが、 それは今回の場合は致し方ない。
(1) I believe that the problem can be solved through education for children. (2) The problem, I believe, can be solved through education for children.
(2) の方が (1) よりもはるかにすんなりと読める文章だと俺は感じている。なお、このような文章の中では I think よりも I believe を使った方がよいと聞いている。(これも本当かどうかは、俺にはわからない。) 自分の思っていることにさほど確信も信念もないときには I think でよいけど、今回のように自分がふだんから 持っている信条を述べるときには、I believe のような言葉を使った方がよいらしいと聞いている。
さらに、"eductaion for children" ではなく、いっそのこと education だけにしてもいいのではないかと俺は思う。 そうすると大人向けの education も含まれてしまうかもしれないが、それはそれでよいのではないかと思う。 問題を解決するにあたって、子供の教育だけではなくて、その教育をもしも大人が受けてくれたら、それは それで better ではないかというのが普通の考え方ではなかろうか?しかしそれは、俺の考えすぎで、 やはり education for children にした方がよいのかな、とも思う。
(3) I have taken a class which teaches something ethical in school before.
"a class" を使えば、そのあとの "in school" は不要だと思う。"a class" がここでは「授業、講義、講座、レッスン」 のようなものであり、それを受けられる場所は school に決まっているからだ。それは日本語の「学校、塾、市民講座、 週に1回で2時間だけのレッスン」などを受けるための場所も school という言葉を使ってよいからだ。
日本語では「その内容」と言いたかったのだろうが、それをそのまま That content と言ってしまうと通じない。 上にその講座の内容をきちんと書いていない限り、それを受けて That content とは言えないはずだ。 日本語ではそういう時も「その内容」と言ってしまえるが、その日本語の意味は「その講座の内容」という意味だ。 だから英語では Its content とでもなろう。
さっき These courses を主語にしてしまったが、ちょっと誤解していた。単数形に戻す。 さらに過去形にした方がよいのではないか?もしも今でも続いている講座なら、 現在完了進行形にでもした方がよいだろう。なお、work well としなくても work だけで意味が ちゃんと通じているので、そのようにしてみる。
This course, however, did not seem to work.
(5) Actually, it was so boring that a lot of students doze in the middle of the class.
it WAS so boring と過去形になっているのに、そのあとに students DOZE は変だ。 こういう基礎的な文法的間違いはやめてほしい。大学受験や英検の受験ならば、大いに原点されるだろう。
(7) For example, the short video about poverty with system of computers or smartphones would be great.
別の回答者が言ったように、"the short video..." というふうに the を使ったら変だ。the を使うと、 その前にすでにその short video に触れていたはずだということになり、英語ネイティブは 一生懸命に前に戻って「はて、どこにその short video について書いてあったっけ?」と悩むことになり、 ついにはイライラすることになる。
もしも with system of computers or smartphones をどうしても使いたいのであれば、
a short video on poverty available to computers and smartphones would be great
とでもすればいいだろう。system に a も何もつけないのは、今回の場合には変だ。 しかも a system of computers or smartphones というのも変だ。
(8) That way, children who have taken education of this kind work for a better world.
work の主語は、children なのだな?それならば、would work... とでもした方がよいだろう。 今回の文脈では、あなたが「このような政策を講じた方がよい」と提案しているのだから、 「もし仮に私の提案を本当に実行したとしたら、このような結果が生じるだろう」というふうに 仮定法過去がよく使われる。(実際にそのような新聞雑誌の記事をたくさん読んでいれば、わかってくる。)
俺なりの英文 (8-a) That would help children receiving such education to work for a better world. (8-b) That would allow recipients of such education to make a better world a reality. (8-c) This would allow recipients of such education to help build a better future.
That looks good, although I would change, "The problem, I believe, can be solved through education for children" to "The problem, I believe, can be solved through the education of children". I'd also change the last sentence to, "That would help children receive a better education to work for a better world".
次のfaint って形容詞ですか?それとも自動詞ですか? They only saw him for a second but it was enough to make some of them faint with excitement. 見えたのはほんの一瞬だけだったが、ファンの何人かが興奮して気を失うのに十分だった。 辞書に載っている、make A do Aに〜させる。とは違う気がします。 make OC OをC(ある状態)にする。でしょうか? 辞書にはfaint は、 自動詞として「気が遠くなる」「失神する」(+ from〜で) との記載と、 形容詞として「(人が)気を失いそうな」「ふらふらして」(+ from, with 〜で) という記載がありました。
I believe that education could be a solution to the problem. I took a course on the ethical concerns of poverty in the world. The participants of the class were not able to get much out of it because of the poor course design. However, if such class is properly delivered assisted by audio and visual materials, students can have a better understanding of the issue. This, in the end, can motivate students to work for creating a world without poverty.
I'm very glad to have such a highly-educated English native speaker with us here. I'm positive everyone else feels the same way. We certainly appreciate your help.
>I believe that education could be a solution to the problem.
I believe that education could be the solution to the problem.
>However, if such class is properly delivered assisted by audio and visual materials, students can have a better understanding of the issue.
However, if such class is properly delivered assisted by audio and visual materials, and properly delivered then students can have a better understanding of the issue.
The choice of an article is one of the things non-native speakers always struggle. With more experience, we get better at it but will never be one-hundred percent confident.
質問者が抱えている例文集の文脈がわからないから、正確には答えようがない。 もしも it が蛇とか虫を指すのであれば、 「その蛇(虫)を触ったり脅かしたりしないで、放っておきなさい」 という意味で Just don't bother it. というのはあり得るだろうな。 この下に挙げるのは、すべてニュースサイトより。
(1) When I see a spider as big as my hand, crawling along the ground, and everyone here is like, “Don’t worry, mate. You’re all right. It won’t bother you, if you don’t ●bother it●.”
(2) Indianapolis Star-21 hours ago A snake is not likely to bite you if you don't ★bother it★, as it typically attacks only if it perceives danger.
ただ、次のように it を無生物について言っているときもあるが、それは 半ば冗談のように言う一種の決まり文句だろう。
(3) 歌手 Cher の言葉 My mum's 93 and my mum keeps going, 'Cher, age is just a number. If you ★don't bother it★, it won't bother you.'
アメリカの Albany の教会で実際に採用された歌の中で、まさにこの If I were a bird, I would like to (動詞) が出てくるな。
Hallelujah - Words and Music by Phil Jones
★If I were a bird, I would like to★ fly... Higher than the sky, Leave behind, the worries of my mind Oh, the world would seem so small In my heart, creator of all And answering the Divine Call I would rejoice, I will rejoice...in Hallelujah
According to the review, the book gives readers some good insight into the conditions suffered by refugees living in their country. 書評によると、その本は読者に、国内に住む難民たちの窮状についての鋭い見識を与えている。
"it all" がそもそも everything と似たような意味だから、上記 (1) も その変形みたいなものだと俺は理解し、Everything is a matter of experience. みたいな意味だろうと俺は思っている。
(2) He knows it all. (He knows everything. と似たような意味) (3) I ate it all. (I ate everything. と似たような意味)
We are all [名詞]. という言葉においても、we all が all of us という ような意味で使われていることがわかるので、上の (1) も同じような もんだと思える。
(4) Astana Times-12 hours ago As chairman of the assembly Nursultan Abishevich [Nazarbayev] said, in Kazakhstan, we are different, but abroad ★we are all Kazakhs★,” he said. (ネット上で見つけたニュース記事より)
上の (4) では、"we all" が "all of us" みたいな意味だと考えればよいと思う。
(5) National Geographic-Jul 16, 2019 If ★we are all migrants★, then possibly there is a kinship between the suffering of the woman who has never lived in another town and yet has ...
上の (5) も同様だ。以上のようなことを踏まえれば、この下の (6) の all も、その次に出てくる still とか in shock を修飾しているのではなくて、あくまで "we all" というふうにつながっているだろうと 想像できる。(ただし以上のことは、英語ネイティブや偉い先生に確かめたわけではない。)
(6) PrinceGeorgeMatters.com-7 hours ago ... her beloved boyfriend Lucas were recently found deceased. They were bright and beautiful souls. ★We are all still in shock and heartbroken.★”.
上の例では、単数形の I と all とが同格になっているはずだ。つまり All of me is ears. みたいな意味合いだと思う。「私の存在全体が、耳である」というような ことを言っているはずなのだ。(これについても、俺は偉い先生とかネイティブに尋ねた わけではないが、そのようにしか俺には思えない。)
all of this, all of that, all of it などにおいてもやはり、単数の this と all, that と all などが、一種の同格みたいなものだろう。
(1) Fill it up. (2) Fill her up. (または Fill 'er up.)
と言うのだと英和辞典には書いてあったと日本語ネイティブである質問者が言うと、アメリカ人が 「それはあまりに古い言い回しで、現代では全くそんな言い回しは使わない」と言い、イギリス人は 「さほど古いとは思わない」と言っている。いずれにしても、自分の愛車のことを she とか her ('er) と呼ぶ人がいることは確かなようだ。
さっきのリンク先では、英米のネイティブたちが「いろんな機械のことを she とか her と呼ぶ男性もいる」と言っている。
同じように、自分の愛するオートバイのことを she とか her と呼ぶ男の 小説の一節を見つけた。この下の一節では、自分のオートバイに Val (Valerie のことか?)という女性の名前をつけて、そのオートバイを she とか her と呼んでいる。 買って間もないのだが、中古車なのかどうか知らないがすでに汚れている。 さっそく走らせてみたいな、とか何とか書いている。
俺は車もオートバイもパソコンも何もかも嫌いなので、こういう機械を she とか her と呼びたがるくらいに可愛がっている男を描いた小説や映画に 触れたことはないので詳しくは知らないが、そういう作品にいくらか親しめば、 こういう方法に慣れることができるだろうな、と思っている。
There was something appealing about the dirtiness of ●her●. Both tires were a little soft, but however long ★she'd★ been hidden away, ◆her◆ tires hadn't gone flat. ... that the CME event would have destroyed. I was so tempted to roll ●her● up the hill and try coast starting ★her★, but like the first time you make love, it has to be special for the girl. So I went to see Dwite.
What point is passing the test if you can’t actually speak? I told them that if we focus on speaking, the kid will pass the test too, but they’ll have usable skills.
Leonard: You know what I mean, could you just give us a little privacy?
Sheldon: You want me to leave the apartment?
Leonard: Yes.
Sheldon: You mean just go someplace else and be… someplace else?
Leonard: Yes.
Sheldon: Well, why should I leave, this is my apartment too.
Leonard: I know it is, and if science ever discovers a second member of your ★species★ and you two would like some privacy I would be more than happy to get out of your way.
Penny (in hallway): Okay, you guys, look, I know this is none of my business, but I just, I have to ask, what’s Sheldon’s deal?
Leonard: What do you mean “deal”?
Penny: You know, like what’s his deal? Is it girls? Guys? Sock puppets?
Leonard: Honestly, we’ve been operating under the assumption that he has no deal.
Penny: Come on, everybody has a deal.
Howard: Not Sheldon. Over the years, we’ve formulated many theories about how he might reproduce. I’m an advocate of mytosis.
Penny: I’m sorry?
Howard: I believe one day Sheldon will eat an enormous amount of Thai food and split into two Sheldons.
Leonard: On the other hand, I think Sheldon might be the larval form of his ★species★, and someday he’ll spin a cocoon and emerge two months later with moth wings and an exoskeleton.
Howard: No, no, not this time. I know insects, my friend, I spent many childhood years capturing them with nets, putting them in glass jars, sticking pins through them, mounting them on corrugated cardboard with Dymo labels underneath, identifying the genus and ★species★. In Latin.
Raj: Oh, dude, you are never getting a shiksa goddess.
Sheldon: That is a snowy tree cricket. Oecanthus fultoni. I was done with Latin by fifth grade.
Howard: Okay, okay, tell you what. I am willing to bet anything that’s an ordinary field cricket.
Sheldon: I can’t take your money.
Howard: What’s the matter, you chicken?
Sheldon: I’ve always found that an inappropriate slur. Chickens are not, by nature, at all timid. In fact, when I was young, my neighbour’s chicken got loose and chased me up the big elm tree in front of our house.
I'm 81. I'm thinking of creating an account at Reddit and asking people there if they have any place to talk about any random topic. Yesterday I came across this post. Reddit Is Tearing Itself Apart ttp://https://gizmodo.com/reddit-is-tearing-itself-apart-1789406294 We have similar things here in 5ch and that's one of the reasons why I wanted to leave 5ch. I don't like to stay in an environment where I see lots of superficial propaganda like posts made sololy to attack or manipulate other people. I prefer deep thoughtful well considered conversations.
Thank you for 82 san for sharing with me your place and your thoghts on the place. It made me sad though to read the last sentence you wrote at
. We long for feeling connected with people, but it might not be very easy to be able to have such a feeling. (Or possibly it's nearly impossible.) But it's also true, I believe, that sometimes good things happen. I think it's worth trying to find a new environment if you are not satisfied with your current environment, and I'm going to give it a try.
の Leonard: I know it is, and if science ever discovers a second member of your ★species★ and you two would like some privacy I would be more than happy to get out of your way.
. >>We long for feeling connected with people, >>sometimes good things happen. I think it's worth trying to find a new environment
Perhaps you're young, or at least young at heart. I'm 63 and long past the stage where I used to believe in heat-warming relationships. I don't believe in humankind or love or friendship any longer.
I said I'm past that stage. But then again, it could be that I never believed in people or love or anything of the sort, even when I was an infant. My parents have always been my worst enemies, although they have always been well-intentioned. They've always believed that they loved me from the bottom of their hearts. But I say that they, and the rest of the world, without a single exception, are simply doomed to the everlasting, diehard illusion that people may somehow be connected, and that people are basically capable of love.
(Continued) But I say again that no one has ever actually witnessed a shread of real love in relationships. All we've been seeing throughout the entire history that war, including wars between states and wars between classes or between the sexes, has been going on incessantly everywhere and that parents need children not because they love them altruistically but because they need someone else to take it out on, to find meaning in their own empty lives. In short, people have always been using each other and want to enjoy this grand illusion that they actually do love others.
I've been blabbering and most probably you don't care for this monologue of mine. So go right ahead and ignore all my talk, which must sound like nothing but a pack of mumbo jumbo. But to me, this kind of talk is serious and real and downright honest. And this kind of talk is precisely I crave everywhere, including on Twitter and YouTube. I'm part of a community on Twitter and YouTube where there are lots of people who think like I do.
,103 Thank you for your reply. It was interesting.
I'm not young, but I have been very sensitive since I was very little. Even though I consider myself as a logical type rather than an emotional type, my feeling is considerably strong, and my interest and desire to seek love and a feeling of connected with people are also not weak. I'm an introvert, and I don't need to feel connected with many people, but I want to find just one person in my life when it comes to wanting to have a feeling of being connected with people. That is enough for me.
I understand what you've said to some extent. We see the world and people through the lens of our brain. We perceive things not as they are but through the interpretation of our brain. In this sense, we see things subjectively, not only on your side but also on the side of the other person who you are talking to. Both sides see it and feel it subjectively and you can't objectively prove that such thing as love surely exists. I sometimes think that possibly the world itself might be an illusion created in our mind for us (or for me) to experience some things with our physical body. But this assumption cannot be objectively proven either.
I'm so sensitive and spiritual when it comes to some things including metaphysical things that I even believe the existence of soulmates. And also, I'm more inclined to believing in God (not as a symbol of something or somebody, but as a hidden will of the universe). But again, there is no proof about them.
I have gone a bit off topic. I think that not only loving (or being loved) each other but also understanding each other might be difficult. You might feel that you understood someone, but it might just be that you are feeling that way. Understanding yourself is not very easy for many people. I'm living with this assumption that it's difficult to understand each other. Often times I forget this assumption and ended up hurting my emotion.
If you seek for love, you feel lonely when you don't get it. If you give up love altogether, you must feel lonely, I guess, even though you might be able to avoid getting heartbroken by rejections or failures. From your comment, it seemed to me that you might still have a desire for love or a feeling of being connected with people. Otherwise you must have lost your interest on this theme already.
I guess I have been being too emotional. I didn't expect that I had a conversation like this here. It was fun. Thanks again.
Just as you suspect, I do tend to seek love and friendship. In fact, once in a while I encounter people who see through my mind and sense a strong desire for love and connection. Yes, ever since I was born, I believe I've always been a profoundly loving person. In fact, my love, compassion, and desire for connection have always been excessively intense. That's why lots of people have been taking advantage of me and, in the course of my life, some mal-intentioned people have abused me.
I long strongly for the extinction of humankind not because I really loathe people, but because I actually love people so much that I just can't bear the thought of anyone suffering because of war, racial, gender, or other discrimination, rape, and things like that.
By the way, all these comments that you've been making in this thread in English would be highly welcomed on Twitter. I've always been writing these kinds of things there, and people from all over the world seem to be welcoming me very warmly.
Few people actually do talk to me these days, but I don't expect too much from them. They silently follow, like, and retweet many of my comments. That's enough for me. And I reciprocate.
By the way, these days I find YouTube a much better way of communication. There on YouTube I have an account under the same nickname as on Twitter. I upload tons of videos there. There I speak in English most of the time, but I sometimes do talk in English as well. When I speak there, I speak a lot, say, for half an hour to more than two hours per video. I don't think many people want to actually talk or write a lot. Most of them are actually rather quiet. Besides, when it comes to something academic, there are few people knowledgeable enough to talk extensively on a certain subject. So I've stopped caring too much about it. I talk and talk profusely and try not to give it too much of a damn about whether people respond or not. When two or three people watch one or two of my very long videos and give me a comment either in English or Japanese, saying that they've enjoyed my talk and have learned a lot, that's enough. ttp://https://twitter.com/5chan_nel (5ch newer account)
By the way, if you're a Japanese native speaker and don't mind speaking English, then I suggest you upload lots of videos on YouTube where you speak both in English and in Japanese.
Most people, I believe, whether Japanese or foreign, just don't seem to like talking or writing that much in either language. They don't seem to have that much to talk about - not as much as you care to write or speak anyway.
If you can one day settle for just engaging in a sort of monologue, then you might as well start considering uploading videos where you speak about just about any topic, whether politics, literature, love, friendship, art, music, sports, or anything else that happens to interest you.
Thank you for your reply. As always I enjoyed reading your message, and now I just want to write something before some of my thoughts might have disappeared from my mind when I had a chance to reply to you some time later.
First off, thank you very much for sharing with me your Twitter and YouTube accounts. I took a look at them and I watched a few videos. (Two videos to be precise, but not till the end.) In one of the two videos you were talking in English about yourself, and now I have a little knowledge about you. (I just watched less than the first 10 minutes of the video, and started writing this with the video stopped. I can't do two things at a time. I'm a single processor person.)
Your message was very informative and potentially very helpful for me as to what kind of path I should follow. Starting to live in an English community is what I have been thinking of, and I also think YouTube has a big potential as more and more people including myself are spending more time than before on YouTube. I'm not young any more, and seeing that most popular YouTubers are young, the fact that I'm old has been a discouraging factor for me. (I don't intend to become very popular on YouTube, though.) Also, I haven't encountered many Japanese people, especially who are older than me, are doing some outputting activities with or in English. Seeing someone doing that kind of thing on the internet is nice and has some significance to me.
As for speaking in English, I prefer speaking in English to in Japanese. If I'm to create my own videos on YouTube, I want to speak in English rather than in Japanese.
You talked about your thoughts on love and friendship. You seek love while longing for the extinction of humankind. It seems that it's a flip side of the same coin and you are still interested in love. Some people decide to give up having children because of their views of the world. But in my opinion, you and your children are totally different people. They might, and actually are, similar to each other physically, but mentally they can be very different. I just respect the will and views of each individual. I just hope that the world stay as peaceful as it is now. (I don't think it's very peaceful, but it's a lot better than in the past.) I also don't want to see anybody unnecessarily suffer from anything.
I might watch your YouTube channel from time to time. Thank you for giving me hints and suggestions for my future activities on the internet.
Wow, I'm really glad to hear you've actually bothered to come to my Twitter and YouTube accounts and even started to view some of my videos.
As for my talk in Japanese there on YouTube, I stick most of the time to giving my potential Japanese viewers some information about songs, novels, and poems in English and trying to explain what each interesting text means by giving translations of them in Japanese, while telling them what each word means, how to memorize each such seemingly difficult word, and all the points that are potentially difficult for Japanese learners of English to understand. So, when talking about such things, I tend to use Japanese.
When talking in English, I naturally try to address viewers from abroad. There, I can't talk about English study. They don't need it because most of them must know English better than I do. So I try to talk about international issues (such as China's oppression of the Uyghurs, antinatalist issues and philosophy, literature, and so on). Since I don't like small talk, I try not to talk about everyday matters. But to talk about all those issues in English is really tough. Even in Japanese, it's really hard. So, although I have tons of stuff that I wish I could talk about in English, I tend to postpone such opportunities until later.
For the past seven months, on YouTube, I have been into translating, explaining, and analyzing popular songs in English, such as those by Carpenters. I particularly love Carpenters, so I've already made about 120 videos (each lasting 30 to 90 minutes) where I explain and analyze each Carpenters song in Japanese. Such popular songs enjoy so much ubiquitous presence that people tend to think that they're rather easy to understand and explain to students of English, such as those from Japan. But actually, songs are poetry and therefore very hard, far harder to fully understand than novels are. So I've been having a very hard time, but I enjoy it and learn a great deal from all that process.
Thanks again for taking your precious time to view my YouTube videos. I hope I'll get to see some videos you'll be making yourself in the near future, if you ever care to make any. After you make any such video, just drop me a line in either of my comment fields under any video of mine, and I'll fly over like a bird to your YouTube station. Thanks.
By the way, as you say, most Japanese YouTubers are young and their videos are typically very, very short, more like five to 15 minutes. And they never try to delve deeply into any serious issue, like something political, linguistics, literature, philosophy or anything of the sort. Even when they're trying to teach English, they produce nothing but very short videos where they engage in nothing but how to quickly memorize enough vocabulary to get high scores in TOEIC or other English proficiency tests, or how to pronounce seemingly difficult sounds in English, or how to understand very basic grammar rules, which 15-year-old Japanese students of English should have mastered while they were at school.
Very few, or even none, of such videos by Japanese YouTubers inspire me. So I never view more than two minutes of any such video. As for older YouTubers, especially college professors and professional writers, for example, they just don't seem to be interested to share any of what they know with the rest of the public. Or are they just plain lazy or selfish, not motivated to work hard enough to get through their potential messages to the public, I wonder?
Yes, I will let you know when I made some videos on YouTube. But please don't expect too much as it's not what I'm focusing on at the moment.
I'll try to make my reply as short as I can. We have been occupying here and as someone said it has becoming a place where two ossans talk about love (and stuff.)
As for why Japanese people don't talk much on YouTube, not only in English but also in Japanese. It's an interesting topic. As for talking in English, my guess is that maybe they are not confident enough to speak in English in public. It seems to me that when it comes to learning foreign languages, except for Korean and Chinese which are somewhat close to Japanese, we Japanese people struggle more than people from other countries do. As for talking in Japanese, maybe we are not used to talking about such topics, or I should rather say that we are not good at having deep conversations. We Japanese, in general, try to avoid talking about sensitive topics in order to avoid having conflicts. In my opinion, I suspect it has something to do with the Japanese language (and the culture behind it,) but I won't go deep into it. As for me, it feels more natural and comfortable to express myself in English than in Japanese even though my Japanese is way better than my English. I initially wrote my question at
,87,90 in Japanese. I felt very uncomfortable for some reason writing them and I switched to writing in English. Maybe this is just my thing.
If there is a factor that is hindering Japanese people from making certain kinds of videos, it also can be a chance to those who can overcome it, I think.
Don't feel pressured to make videos just to indulge me. If I suggested you make some, it's just that you write great English, delving into every topic, all of which is very unusual for a native Japanese speaker. You're a rare asset. So I thought you'd be a great YouTuber. That's all.
Give yourself time and if you come to feel like talking on youTube one or two years later, do so. But if you don't, then that will be okay for me. I myself had given a tremendous amount of time before I finally started to speak on YouTube, even in Japanese, much less in English.
As for writing in either language, I feel rather comfortable, far more comfortable than when speaking. Just like you do, I feel comfortable when delving into some deep issues when writing in English, not in my own mother tongue, even though I've never been in an Anglophone country or had long-lasting friendship with any foreigner before.
As for friends, I've never had many Japanese friends either. When younger, even I enjoyed some stages where I thought, or rather, had the illusion, that I did have some, or even many, friends. But not any more. It was all an illusion.
And I strongly suspect that the same applies to everybody else in general. But as for people belonging in the majority (or the big portion of the bell curve), who are rather "normal," not like me or you, they should find it far less hard to find (or have the illusion that they find) so-called friends. Why? Because they're a huge bunch of people who are more or less alike. Birds of a feather flock together. That's all. But that's doesn't mean they do enjoy real friendship.
But I am a rarity in every sense, so I guess it's only natural that I find it extremely hard to feel comfortable in the company of anybody else.
By the way, just as you say, I think it'd be better for us to stop talking here. If you care to keep talking to me, you can always do so on Twitter or YouTube. If you opened up an account on Twitter and/or YouYube, that would be great. Thanks. And don't feel obligated to reply to me here. Just like you did, I wanted to make this reply of mine very short, but I kept on blabbering just like always. Sorry.
Each of us add something to our conversation and it makes us want to add more. Our conversation seems to continue forever. But maybe not. We have been talking on various topics already, although we have just touched the surface of each topic. I have been enjoying this open-ended style of conversation.
The other day I came across someone mentioning that We Japanese people process both vowels and consonants with our left brain whereas non-native Japanese speakers process only consonants with their left brain and they process vowels with their right brain. I did some research on it and came across this article. ttp://http://web1.kcn.jp/tkia/mjf/mjf-49.html I'm not trying to bring up this new theme. Rather, what I want to say is that I was impressed by his command of language. For some reason, some people who are older than me acquire a very good command of language through their life experiences. (Maybe from reading?) I receive a similar impression when I read your messages. Your messages are concise, precise, honest with yourself, and not forceful. (By the way, I don't know about the legitimacy of what's written in the article above. You don't need to read it, it's just an example.)
About friends. We talked about love and friendship the other day. I was kind of for the idea (or existence) of it. But I admit that it seems to me that many people, possibly most people including myself, are struggling with having true friendships. Most people, to my eyes, are not even capable of telling if they are having a deep connection with other people. Maybe I'm not an exception. In this sense, possibly you are right, maybe there are no such things as true friends. Or, maybe it just depends on our attitude or determination whether we want to believe something, like when we do to (or not to) believe in God. We came to this world alone, and we leave this world alone. It might feel sad, but it's the truth.
You mentioned about rarity of yourself and being normal. I'm aware that I'm very different from other people, to the extent that it doesn't feel natural for me to use the Japanese language. We talked about the fact that we Japanese don't talk much, didn't we? I have this illusion that maybe in the English community I can find more (or some) people who I can feel connected than in the Japanese community. It's not that I don't like Japan or Japanese people. I like them. But when it comes to feeling connected with people, I find it hard to find someone among Japanese people who I want to talk to. Someone was asking a question in this thread the other day about the word "species" and you (?) were answering to it. Maybe I have been feeling as if I were of a different species. I think a lot, and at times I feel a bit lonely. But fortunately for me, I haven't felt very lonely for the past 2 years or so because I had some people to talk to. (I don't know if I should have used the word "friend" here, because the border between a friend and other people is unclear to me, and we talked about friendship somewhat deeply, and I just wanted to be a bit precise here.)
I have been going nowhere. I just received a work related message now from somebody and was pulled back to reality.
I haven't decided yet whether to create an account on either of the platforms you suggested. Maybe it'll take some more time, so I decided to reply to you here.
Maybe we could keep talking like this. (But I believe we should slow our pace down.) I indulged myself in writing a long message once again. I feel that I have talked kind of enough already, and if you feel the same way you don't need to give me a long reply. Just a short one or even no reply is fine. (Sorry for the long reply. I indulged too much without realizing.)
Thanks for your further response. I appreciate it. Seeing what a good command of English you have and how well you express yourself on just about any topic, I can't help wondering why in the world you haven't yet even bothered to open up your own accounts on YouTube or Twitter or to answer questions raised in forums like this one.
As for me, since I basically didn't think I could ever relate seriously to anyone, whether Japanese or foreign, I had settled a long time ago for just exploring some issues, especially language and literature, all on my own and just answering questions from Japanese learners of English in such forums as this one. I do talk a lot on YouTube but most of the time I simply upload videos where I pick up songs, novels, and other materials written in English and explain how each sentence works grammatically and what it means and how beautiful it sounds to me from the viewpoint of the beauty of language, together with linguistic issues and etymology.
Most of the time, no one responds. Some 150 people have subscribed to my channel but very few of them respond. Most of those subscribers are completely anonymous too. That is, out of these subscribers, most remain completely unidentifiable. I don't know what kind of people they are.
As for small talk, life issues, and things like that, I don't expect any longer to relate to anyone. As I said before, I don't think there will ever come a day when I can finally relate to anyone, whether Japanese or foreign.
Everyone was born with a particular set of genes and in a particular pattern of environments that have programmed them to think, feel, and behave the way they do. I'm the same way.
People who have not been in the same shoes as mine can't ever get to know how I feel and what I think. In the same way, I can't identify with them.
Let me pick up a rather extreme example. Can I, for example, get to understand a centipede or earthworm? I may be able to examine and observe how they feel or behave through microscopes and scientific experiments. But I don't think I will ever truly emphathize with them. In the same way, centipedes and earthworms won't ever get to understand or identify with me, either. But those centipedes probably do understand and empathize with each other.
The same is true of me and other people. I can't ever identify with them. Nor can they. If most people in the world seem as if to enjoy the company of others, seeming to identify with them, seeming to share some ideas and feelings among themselves, that is precisely because they happen to have been born with more or less similar genes, under similar environments. As for me, I'm diametrically, extremely, horribly different from any of them. So it's better to give up expecting any of them to relate to me. Besides, it can even be cruel to expect those other people to try to understand and relate to me.
If I do find anyone or any group of people who can share some ideas and feelings with me, identifying with me, enjoying the company of me, then they must be either antinatalists (those who believe that the human race should gradually go extinct) or people with extremely strong desires for art and knowledge.
But then again, if I had met anyone early in my life who can feel relaxed with me and whose company I can enjoy without pretending to be just like them, I might have enjoyed my life and might have not become an antinatalist or pessimist. I could have enjoyed my life fully and become someone influential and contributing positively to the rest of society.
But I've never ever met anyone that way. Everyone in my family was diametrically different from me, especially my parents. No one in my neighborhood, school, or anywhere else in the world, including abroad, seemed to share even the tiniest shread of idea or feeling with me. No one understood, identified with, or agreed with me in any way.
As I grew up in such an environment, I think I've always been acting. As a child I was a good actor, constantly pretending to be downright cheerful, ready to please everyone around me, never antagonizing them, always living up to the expectations of my parents, teachers, and other adults.
Everyone, at least those who don't know me enough, thought - and still thinks - that I am a happy guy. Even when I do my best to make them understand how I truly feel or what I really think, it's all in vain. They never understand. The more I try, the less they understand. After 63 long years of my desperate effort to make my parents understand at least one tenth of me, I realize that all this has been futile.
Although they mean well and they are never such bad parents, they are still someone just like most other people. That is, they are normal. They belong to the majority. They never get to understand or attempt to delve into the psychology of how, for example, schizophrenics, anorexics, antinatalists, terrorists, homosexuals, or criminals may have come to feel, think, and behave the way they do. If those other people can't ever get to understand such seemingly abnormal people, then they won't ever be able to understand me, either. If so, how can I ever feel even a little bit comfortable in their company? Never. All I can do is to keep pretending that everything is all right, which those other people (who form the majority of society) expect me to do.
ドラマや映画を字幕なしで見るサイトはどこにあるかという質問についてだけど、 古いテレビドラマとか映画でよいのなら、たとえば Journey to the Unknown とか いうドラマシリーズを YouTube 上で探し出せば、 無料でいくらでも見られる。こういうのを片っ端から 見ていけばいいのじゃないかな?
新しいドラマや映画で、しかも無料または低料金で字幕なしのものを見たいなんて いうのは、贅沢というものだろう。お金を払いさえすれば、いくらでも DVD などが買えて、ボタンを押せば字幕を消すことができるのだから。 第一、新しい DVD が出たとしても、最初のうちは値段が張るけど、 5年も経てばものすごく安くなることが多いだろう?
I'm writing this on my tablet. I just want to say something before it slips my mind. It won't be a long constructed response, but I think it's fine, or it could be even better, because the thought of having to give a full, well constructed response may make you feel kind of obligated. (I might write more later. I might not.)
I was thinking while I was writing my previous reply that if there is any way for us, us people in general, to feel less separated from and more connected with other people. When I was writing my previous reply, I felt as if I was making myself feel more separated than connected. The more I tried to explain about myself, the more I felt that way. Maybe it was because I was trying to focus on it logically, not emotionally. (Maybe we should try to give more control to our emotion than to our logic when it comes to this kind of things, because emotion must play a big role in human relationships. I'm more of a logical person than emotional, and it's not always easy for me to do so, though.) And one thing that occurred to me while reading your reply was that one potentially big difference in us, even though I find myself quite similar to you in the way I see myself or people or things around me, might be that I noticed I'm not focusing on trying to find similar or like minded people to me. (I don't know if you were doing it or not, though.) Instead, as friends I have been always trying to find people having moderately different personality than I do. I don't think, feel or act the way they do, but I like to see they think, feel or act in the way they do, and I like being around them and talking with them. It makes our relationship more dynamic and I get more stimulated and energized. In other words, I noticed that I haven't been focusing on myself that much.
I'm interested in psychology and I'm guessing you as a person with a certain kind of personality type. (Everybody has his own type.) I'm guessing your type is different from mine. (I'm not trying to make you feel excluded.) If my guess is correct, people with the best compatible personality type to your type are very rare, and it could be a reason why you think or feel the way you do. (I'm not trying to say it's bad, nor am I trying to change you or how you think.) I didn't intend to come this far when I first asked a question here. I don't know whether you will enjoy this, a bit non scientific concept or theory, but maybe you can take a look at this and see if it describes you or not. ttp://https://personalityjunkie.com/the-intp/ (I'm glad if you let me know if you can identify yourself as this type or not. I'm sorry if you don't like this.) It's got long. I'll end here.
I read a little of what's written at the link. If what it describes is the philosophical introvert who tends to delve into their own mind, then I think I belong to the category and most people describe me that way.
By the way, you're saying you don't particularly seek to find something in common with people and that you rather like to find differences between you and them. I understand that.
But when I was saying that there is a wide gap, or even a gaping gulf, between me and the others can't ever be something you can enjoy. It's maddening. The difference is such that people around me, even my own father, even after these 63 years of mutual desperate efforts to understand each other, declares me almost insane. Well, he's not such a terrible person, so he doesn't call me insane in so many words.
But whenever I tell him how I really feel or think about any issue in life, like how I feel about homeless people, he says to me, as if to give a good piece of advice, "You know, my son, I don't think it's a good idea to tell any such thing to any member of the general public, like to your friends or acquaintances."
I ask him why. He then moves on to say things like, "Because they'll surely think of you as insane ("kichigai" in Japanese, which is a very harsh, discriminating, derogatory word). Then I ask him, "Then would you also want to call me insane when talking that way about the homeless?" Then he says, "Yeah, I would regard you as nothing but insane."
All my life, conversations between me and my parents or anybody else in society, like so-called friends and colleagues, have been that way. Whenever I tell them even the tiniest shread of how I feel or what I think, they almost call me insane, or tell me I must be just joking, or they may even get mad and stop me from talking any further.
That's precisely why I've never shared my true feelings or ideas for more than one minute with anybody else. Do you understand what I'm saying? Put yourself in my shoes. There just CANNOT be any joy or pleasure or anything at all between me and the others, unless I pretend that everything is all right and I don't have anything different from them. They just expect me to feel almost the same way. If you really enjoy the differences between you and the others, those differences are tiny, whereas the differences between me and the others are like a huge, terrifying gulf that makes you and everyone else go insane or something. Absolutely no one in the whole world has ever understood me or enjoyed talking with me unless I pretend to engage in small talk which makes them happy. To me, all the others seem like a bunch of kindergarteners. They are actually not alive, if I may say so. They have never given any issue in society or life a really serious, honest thought. That's why I don't want to talk to anybody any more. I wish I were dead already. But I also know that I'm supposed to quietly put up with all this and live on until I reach an age where I can die a natural death. Until that time, I'll keep my mouth shut and pretend to "enjoy" my life just like the rest of society, who are just like swines to me. This world is nothing but a pigsty.
I think I can understand what you're saying. But maybe one never should say lightly that one can understand other people. Each of us has different backgrounds and different ways of perceiving things.
What if, Socrates and Nietzsche did exist today. How would they feel? If you think the way you feel you are different from other people is of a different type from how they would feel. If that is the case, I don't think I can say that I can understand what you are saying. But if you can think that they would feel in a similar way as you do, I would say you are not alone and at least some of us human beings are or were like you. (I'm not trying to suggest you compare your achievements and theirs. I just want you to focus on their attitudes toward the world.)
When I say I seek someone whose personality is moderately different, I don't mean I'm seeking ordinary people. I'm aware how different I am from other people, and I also know from my past experiences and observations that similar people to me do exist, although they are rare and hard to find.
You talked about your struggle and the amount of effort you put into your relationship with your parents. I'm from a very similar environment, and I discovered long time ago that it's almost impossible for me to expect that my parents can understand me, and I stopped even trying to talk about anything except the type of superficial conversations I need to have with them daily. It's bothersome, to be honest, for me to having to listen to small talks of other people, and I know that they get annoyed if I talk about abstract things like ideas or concepts. I said the other day that you and your children may similar to each other physically, but they can be totally different mentally. I said that with this in mind. I'm very different, mentally, from my parents. But still I like them, and I don't even care if they can understand me or not, or they are capable of having deep conversations or not. I expect just very basic things from them. No big expectations any more and no big disappointments any more, I guess. (To be honest, I still get disappointed daily, though. But it's not their fault, and I think I should try to find other people instead.)
I shared with you the link and the theory. I just wanted you to feel, someday in the near future, how joyful it is to find people you like, people you want to talk to and people who make you like what you are as you are including the differences you feel from other people. They appreciate you as what you are, and you appreciate them as what they are. I'm no superior than you in any sense, and I'm less experienced in life. You must have more experiences in life. Please forgive my rude attitude.
Getting familiar with the theory helped me a lot and liberated me a lot. Thanks to the theory, I could accept the differences between me and my parents as a natural thing, and I became less bothered by my awareness that I'm different from other people. Because I know that I'm not alone. It takes some time for you to get familiar with the theory, and getting familiar with the theory has some downsides in my opinion. So I'm not going to recommend it to you any further at least for now.
I just want to suggest to you that you should try to be honest with yourself as much as you can. It seems you're doing so. Trying to pretend to be someone else is not a healthy thing. It's more terrible to lose your honesty with yourself than to feel alone, I think.
Thanks. And I apologize for having been a bit overly nervous and emotional. When it comes to communication with people, especially with my parents, I overreact. It's not you. You were not being rude at all. It's me.
If I could get to be totally objective, I would realize that I'm not as different from others as I think I am. It may be just that I tend to feel the difference that there is between me and others. I feel it so keenly and I feel the lack of communication between people so strongly that I tend to feel as if all attempts at communication or any other effort with human interaction are eternally futile. So, as you say, maybe I should stop behaving like someone else.
But then again, I don't think people would forgive me if I behaved as I really am. I have never behaved honestly to myself when in the company of others. You know my true reaction to people? When I see people, I would like to say things like,
"Drop dead already! Stop procreating, which is the eighth cardinal sin. Can't you understand already that at least one of your future descendants would hate life as I do? Can't you understand that it's a terrible crime to make anyone feel the way I've been feeling my whole life?"
My greatest dream is, if it is ever possible, to explode the entire planet in a split second so that all the living things would perish instantaneously. After that, there would be no sufferings. No more of these futile attempts to pursue peace, communication, love, friendship, or whatever. Humans have made only two mistakes. They were born. And they have produced offspring. These are the only mistakes they have ever made. They have made no other blunders.
These are my totally honest feelings and ideas. Do you think I can freely express them to other people? No, never. No one has been patient enough to listen to even 30 seconds of what I truly feel or think. And that's precisely why I've been pretending to be someone else. I've always been a clown, always lying by making the others think that I somehow enjoy life and accept the others as they are.
By the way, you don't have to keep talking to me. You can always call it quits. As long as you keep writing to me, I'll be going on responding. But the moment you stop, I'll have no recourse other than to stop too. Don't worry. I won't ever hold any grudges against you. On the contrary, I've enjoyed talking to you and I'll keep appreciating that you've bothered to talk to me so far. I don't think that there is anyone who can put up with anyone like me.
When I say being honest with yourself, I mean try not to deceive yourself by trying to forcefully believe something you wouldn't believe otherwise. This mental attitude doesn't necessarily come with actions or behaviors toward others. Rather, I agree that often times it's a lot safer to behave as if you were one of other people. But at least you should try to keep being honest with yourself internally. That's what I meant, and I think you are doing so, at least to the extent that you didn't pretend as if you were satisfied with your life or with the world when you talk to me. I think it's a good practice to keep.
When looked on the physical level, I don't quite understand why the world and people are like the way they are. To me, it's hard to understand their immaturity. We had some, or lots of, great people in the past, and I think in the present as well, but I wonder why on earth the world, especially the people, are like the way they are. I'm no mature than anybody else, so I have no right to criticize them sharply without first changing myself, but this is my honest response to the world and people.
But still, I think I have hope in people, or the world. I guess it's because at some point in my life I thought deeply and became spiritual if not religious. On the physical level, I don't see any point in the existence of the world. But if you look at it from a whole different level, like from spiritual or religious viewpoint, you may see it differently. I know I'm ignorant, and I'm aware of the limitations of my mental capabilities. To me, it's surprising, either, to know the world has some meaning, or to know the world doesn't have any meaning. It's like about the beginning of the universe. If there was nothing there before, it's surprising and hard to understand. If there was the world there from the beginning, it's also surprising and hard to understand. My power and my capability of understanding things are very limited. One of the reasons why I'm inclined to the way I see the world the way I see it is that we have beautiful things as well. Sometimes I see good things in people's hearts. Seen physically, it might not mean anything, but I can't deny the fact that I can see some value in it. I just want to be honest with myself and being open, throughout my life, to any idea regardless of how strange it might sound. (Talking about this, I remembered "Faust" by Goethe, even though I haven't read it till the end.) There is no proof about things like this, and I'm not trying to impose my views onto you. You opened your thoughts to me, so I'm doing the same thing to you.
(It could be just because my life has been happy enough so far. If I was born a bit earlier and experienced the world war, my views of the world might have been different. I struggled a lot when I was young, and I don't think my life so far has been very happy, though.)
One thing I found it interesting was that you care about the future of other people and I don't care about it as much even though we have similar awareness about the differences between you and people. I'm aware that I'm different from other people to the extent that I don't even think I can understand other people, or I can be easily understood by other people. Other people might have totally different views of the world from mine. Possibly they enjoy their lives, at least at times. Maybe some people see some values in their lives. I just want to respect their views. (I won't say I'm more aware of the differences between me and other people than you are. It's just that it was interesting to me.)
Honestly speaking, I was a bit sad to know the fact that you suffer from your awareness, or the fact, of the difference between you and other people, to the extent where you feel you have always been a clown and you feel you are always lying. If you enjoy talking with me, I believe you can find some people who you want to talk with. Again, I don't think they necessarily need to be similar to you. Instead, I want to suggest that you should try to find moderately different people from you. (I guess you are a logical person rather than emotional, so I think you potentially enjoy interacting with people with feeling type. I won't go deeper here, though.)
I do enjoy talking with you. Let's just go with the flow. You don't need to force anything, I think. If you feel like writing about anything, you can write here. You don't need to hurry to reply to my comment. I'll do the same thing.
Wow, how beautifully you express your thoughts! Right from the very beginning of our interaction, I've known you're a great writer -- at least in English. If you happen to know some other languages, you'll get to express yourself in all those languages as well. These three posts I've received this morning are written especially beautifully. How have you managed to acquire such a highly logical and articulate way of communication, I wonder? (You don't have to answer that. I'm just talking to myself.) You've learned all that from intensive reading and thinking, and perhaps you've somehow inherited much of your high intellect from your ancestors.
By the way, sometimes I exaggerate myself and say thing a bit illogical maybe. As you say, I don't feel like a total clown now, not any longer anyway. I used to be a clown when younger. But at least on the inside, I was always aware of the darker side of my mentality, I guess. When younger, I was confused. On the outside, I always behaved cheerfully. When I was 12 or so, my father told me, "You're totally cheerful." I remember wondering how anyone can call me cheerful while I don't feel happy at all. But then again, it really was a fact that I was constantly talking and behaving as if cheerfully when in the company of others.
By the age of 12 or so, I hadn't yet formed the habit of keeping my diary or writing something to express my ideas or feeling. It was when I was 15 or so that I finally began to write things -- not as assignments that I should submit to my teachers or anything but for myself. By the age of 17, and especially by the age of 22 or so, I found that whenever I was writing something for myself, I was writing the most depressing ideas and feelings, like "at the bottom of my despair" or "The world should go extinct" or something of the sort. I remember always wondering why on earth I was writing things like that because I also knew that I was being cheerful whenever I was with others.
I think that when younger, I basically believed that life was about living it as though you believed it's worth living even though you actually know it's completely meaningless and laughable, so much so that the ideal is for the world to vanish instantaneously on the spot.
My ideal has, ever since I was 22 or so, been for the world to disappear. If possible, it would be better for even animals and plants to disappear instantaneously. But as a human I can't get to know what the ideal would be for those non-humans. But as a human again, I think I know what our ideal is. Most people argue that it's wrong and even arrogant to assume that everyone wants to perish just because you yourself wish you had never been born. I know that.
But I also know that all humans, including myself, are just genetically programmed to feel as if it is better to go on living than to perish immediately. I myself enjoy some days when I don't feel that bad. There are even some days when life seems as if meaningful in a mysterious way. But I also know that all these hopes and optimistic feelings and ideas are the root of all evils. We should, I believe, try to abandon these hopes and begin considering gradually perishing from the earth. As for me myself, I'm already 63 and I know that at this rate I'll manage to live on with relatively healthy insensitiveness, idiocy, and pettiness until my natural death.
But I'm concerned about our descendants. Those other people, still in their childhood or in their teens, or in their mothers' wombs, and those who have not yet been conceived, should be exempted from the excruciating pains and madness that we have been undergoing. I don't know about others, but at least I myself know that if God or the Devil or whoever up there or down there asked me if I wanted to be reincarnated and live another life in exactly the same way I've lived so far, I would surely decline. And I wish that people would stop procreating now and start to go extinct little by little. I mean, no one has to explode hydrogen bombs or kill each other or commit suicide. All we have to do is to stop procreating and learn to live by themselves. They can always have sex and try to live happy lives, but without producing any more offspring. Then, 100 years from now at the latest, we will go extinct. And then there will be no more sufferings.
No more Yemenis constantly bombed by Saudis. No more Iraqis massacred by the USA or other superpower. No more Biafrans murdered by other Nigerians. No more Vietnam Wars. No more Agent Orange. No more children with disabilities. No more bipolar personality disorders or anorexia or pessimism or depression or schizophrenia or whatever. There will only be this quintessentially angelic world of quietude. And that's precisely what all religious people and other wisest people have always been wishing for.
But then again, I know for sure that this antinatalist idea would never ever be the thinking of a majority. Humans are just programmed to be otherwise. Humans have survived so far precisely because they tend to believe that, all things considered, the amount of comfort surpasses that of discomfort. And they live on. They produce offspring. When one out of every 1,000 descendants turns out to be an anorexic, terrorist, suicide, self-mutilator, schizophrenic, serial killer, or a person with severe disabilities, the parents will explain away their anguish by saying, "Well, we tried anyway. Life is not always bad." And then life goes on. And then war, massacre, and Agent Orange, and Hiroshimas and Nagasakis and Vietnam Wars and Korean Wars and KKK lynching and the oppression of Uyghurs and Tibetans and Biafrans go on and on. And people go on forgetting.
I know all that. So I am totally aware that it is completely useless to advocate any antinatalist philosophy here.
He seems to be worried. は He is worried.にseems toという外から見たときの気持ちが加わっただけ と思っていたけど、なんか繰り上げ構文という言葉ができていたんだな。 だけど、He want the box to be put away to the gabbage can. というの(綴りが違うらしい)は全く、繰り上げ構文とは違うと思うんだけどな
これ ttp://https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_(linguistics) There are at least two types of raising predicates/verbs: raising-to-subject verbs and raising-to-object predicates. Raising-to-object predicates overlap to a large extent with so-called ECM-verbs (= exceptional case-marking). These types of raising predicates/verbs are illustrated with the following sentences:
a. They seem to be trying. - seem is a raising-to-subject verb.
a. Fred wants us to help. - want can be a raising-to-object predicate.
Appropriately enough, Mr Handy has hopes of writing yet another book, based on the Bible, which he says is an excellent case study of storytelling. Clearly, he refuses to let illness hold him back. Looking back over his career, he believes that teaching and writing is all about creating the “Aha!” moment. That occurs when people realise that an idea the teacher or writer has advanced is both useful and something they already knew but had not articulated. Bartleby hopes that Mr Handy’s readers will be saying “Aha!” for some time to come. ttp://https://www.economist.com/business/2019/07/25/reflections-of-a-business-guru
最後のfor some time to comeについて、 Mr Handyが本を書こうとしていて、そうなれば、 Mr Handy’s readers will be saying “Aha!” となるので、 期間を表すforではなくin を使うところだと思うのですが、どうでしょうか?
Where が関係副詞として口語で使われてるのは聞いたことあるんですが、whenも割と自由に使われている気がします Why spend $100 when you can do it yourself のwhenは、 日本語の 〜なのに と同じ使い方ですよね? Despite より出現頻度が高いと思いますが、これは不正確な使い方でしょうか?
they have tennis rackets.と言った場合ネイティブは以下のうちどちらのシチュエーションを想像するのでしょうか? 1. one has a tennis racket×100 2. 100 people(as a group) have 100 tennis rackets(which belong to the group not to each individual).
質問1 ()に入るものを入れよ。 I have discovered the word which is difficult ( ) in a dictionary. @ to find A being found B to be found C find it この問題って文法的におかしいですよね?
The tropical rain forests are the deep reservoirs of life on the planet,containing most of the world's plant and animal species. deep reservoirはどう訳せばいいのでしょうか
ついでに、その単語the wordが辞書になかなか載っていないことを発見した なら I've discovered that the word is hard to find in a dictionary. とか I've found the word is seldom (listed) in(又はon) a dictionary. とかいうのかな。
taste good taste bad taste sweet taste different from~~ taste the same as~~ 普通に形容詞じゃね? weliboのsameの形容詞のとこに His attitude is the same as ever [always]. 彼の態度はいつもと変わらない. つーのもあるよ ちなみにネイティブはthe sameの品詞について なんも考えていないと思う 意味がしっかり通じて違和感内から なんで、日本人も考えても無駄だとは思う。
One recent Halloween my five-year-old son entered a pumpkin-decorating contest at his school. という文章でone recent Halloween は直訳すると 「ある最近のハロウィン」でいいのでしょうか? あとone recent Halloween はなぜ前置詞がなくても大丈夫なのでしょうか? on one recent Halloween みたいにしないのですか 教えて欲しいです
Mitch McConnell strikes again: Lobbying for a Kentucky aluminum mill backed by the Russian metal company Rusal. ミッチー再登場!ロシアの鉄鋼業ルサールに資金提供されているケンタッキーのアルミ精製工場でのロビー活動中! って感じで?
Some Chinese remains from the beginning of the Cretaceous period,approximately 120 million years old,have even yielded the fossils of animals that may have been dinosaurs with feathers. この文章のfromを「から」で訳すと変な訳になるのですがどう訳せばいいのでしょうか またfromのどのような用法(?)かも教えてほしいです
A Japanese woman approached me to talk about my skin being Black and then repeatedly laughed and said "ダメ." While I am not hurt, I just wanted to highlight this because yall ride this countries nuts too too hard fam.
yall ride this countries nuts too too hard fam.がわかりません
生命の起源に関して書かれた文章の一部です. Since this basic sequence of events is in accord with that agreed upon by most geologists, paleontologists, biologists, and even the theolgians, one might conclude that Moses, Aristotle, and Darwin were all keen observers and naturalists who were able to logically assess the most probable creation story.
(原文) I guess it will be quite difficult for foreigners to come to my city by taking trains and buses and transferring them, let alone they aren't well versed in Chinese characters.
できれば、"all the more"を使って表現できるかも教えてください。 やってみようとしたけど、できませんでした。
I guess it is quite challenging for people from other countries to travel by train and bus to my city. If you don't know kanji, it becomes all the more difficult.
by train and bus だけで乗り継いでる感じ出せる foreigner は冷たいニュアンス 日本人の作る文は難しくて長いから、最初は短く区切って、簡単な表現にしろって英作文の先生が言ってた
To people from abroad, to come to my town only with train and bus looks too hard a hurdle. indeed, without reading ability of Chinese characters on various notice boards, who can do so?
>>I guess it will be quite difficult for foreigners to come to my city by taking trains and buses and transferring them, let alone they aren't well versed in Chinese characters.
(1) transferring them って、ここでは何が言いたいのか俺にはさっぱりわからなくなる。 もしも電車を2つまたはそれ以上にわたって乗り継ぎ、バスも2台またはそれ以上に わたって乗り継ぐのであれば、俺なら by combining a series of trains with two or more buses とでも書くかな・(この言い方はかなり英語ネイティブから見たら不器用に見えるだろうけど、 俺の低い英語力ではこれでも精いっぱいだ。) もしも電車1台とバス1台を乗り継ぐだけなら、by train and bus だけでいいだろうな。
(2) let alone というのは、そもそもまるで前置詞であるかのような使い方をして、 たとえば let alone のあとに動詞だけとか名詞だけをつけるというような 使い方をする。そもそも let alone は "let something alone" のうちの 目的語である something の部分を後ろにもってきて、その something の代わりに 動詞とか名詞を持ってきて使うのだ。だから let alone のあとに主語と動詞 つまり節が来るはずがないのだ。(少なくとも俺が知っている限りでは、 どういう使い方をする。)
だから I guess it is hard for foreigners, ●let alone● those unable to read Chinese Characters, to come to my town by combining a series of trains with two or more buses. ならば許せるということになるだろう。
all the more う使うなら I guess it is hard for people from overseas to come to my town by taking a series of trains with two or more buses, all the more so for those unable to read Chinese characters.
なお、my city を使いたくなる気持ちはわかるが、my town で十分なだけでなく、 その方が自然だ。New York みたいに大きな町のことを言うときでさえ、 個人的に日常的な話をするときには、in town, out of town, my town などというふうに town を大いに使う。もちろん、少し格式ばった話になると 途端に city を使い始めるということになる。
Of Mice and Men というタイトルは、おそらくは Thinking of Mice and Men Speaking of Mice and Men というような意味で使っているのだろう。つまり、この小説は "mice と men について 考えるためのものだ" とでも言いたいのだろう。
同じようなタイトルとして、論文のタイトルで昔はよく On Love (愛について) On Life (人生について) On Reading (読書について) などというふうに on を冒頭に付けることが多かった。現代ではこの on は 不要だと思う人が多くなったので、つけないことが多い。 このような on の場合、"A Paper on Reading" とか "An Essay on Love" とかいうふうに about という意味で on という前置詞を使っているのだ。
すまん。この小説のタイトルはこの詩の一節から来ているのだな。それなら余計に 話は簡単だ。"Of Mice and Men" というタイトルを見れば、その当時の教養ある人たちは その詩の一節を思い出す人が多かったのだろう。ところでその詩の一節の意味は、 「ハツカネズミと人間とが敷いた最高に巧妙な計画」とかいうような意味だろう。 だから of がついていて当然だろうと思う。of とか o' がなかったら、この詩の意味が 不明になる。
さて、仮にこの詩の一節を知らなくても、"Of Mice and Men" というタイトルを見れば、 俺が最初に行ったような意味合いを連想するだろう。だから of は決して不思議でも何でもない。
it's an understatement to say that~ it's no understatement to say that~ 上の方は「〜だということは控えめな表現だ(〜なんてもんじゃない)」って意味のようですが 下の方も同じですか?調べてみると同じような使われ方がされてるようですが
ttp://https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/an-innate-love.3603065/ このフォーラムのネイティブによると、'have a love of'という表現は loveを一般的な意味(generic meaning of the word "love")で用いる場合は、 不定冠詞ではなく定冠詞をつけるそうです。 例:"So we have the love of chocolate, the love of football, the love of walking, the love of deep fried squid."
一方で以下の場合は不定冠詞のみが正しいそうです。 Tito has a love of walking. 〇 Tito has the love of walking. ×
に自分なりの補足を付け加えると theをつけるのは特定できて、それが唯一 である場合だけ。 a manという時に、manという集合が あってその中から要素を一つピックアップ するというイメージです。これをthe manとかくと、その集合ごとピック アップするという形でとりあえず特定+唯一のものという条件を満たせるから、 theをつけてもいいということになります。 そう考えると、 weが持つlove of chocolateというのは、love of godiva chocoもあれば、love of fujiya chocoも love of kabaya choco, love of meiji choco, love of furuta chocoなどいろんなものが あるはずなんですね。つまりweという集合の中には個人という要素がたくさん入っていて、 それぞれの要素がlove of chocolate集合への対応関係を持っているわけですね。 (関数と書かなかったのは、一つの要素からlove of chocolate集合の一つの要素への対応に 限らず、一人が二つ以上のメーカーチョコを好きな場合もあるから)
そこで、we have a love of chocolateとすると love of chocolate集合があって、その中の一つの要素, love of kabaya chocolateをピックアップ して持ってるというような意味になるんでしょうが、そんなものはweという集合が持つはずがない。 だって、kabaya嫌いな人も居てますもん。 そこで、weとa love of chocolateはダメだ、となる。
だけど個人の場合は love of kabaya chocolateを持ってても矛盾はしないから、それでいいだろう。 一つをピックアップしたから a love of chocolateだ、という感じじゃないですか? weの場合は、love of chocolate集合全体をピックアップすれば問題なかろう。 weの中にいろんな人がいてkabayaとかmeijiとかそんなものを含んだ集合の love of chocolate集合としておけば問題なかろう、ということで、 we have the love of chocolateということじゃないですか?
"Tito have an innate love of reticence." という文の不定冠詞についてネイティブ(UK)に尋ねたのですが、 「an innate love of reticence を持った人が大勢いて、Titoはそのうちの一人だ」というニュアンスになり、 「いろいろな innate love of reticence があり、そのうちの一つをTitoは持っている」とはならないそうです。 つまり、この不定冠詞 an は innate love of reticence そのものではなくそれを持つ大勢の人々の存在を暗示するみたいです。 ttp://https://hinative.com/ja/questions/14025809
一方で「英語のくわしい研究法(p106)」には以下のように書かれています。 「He had an innate love of reticence. この文を私はこう訳してみました。「彼は沈黙を好むという一種の天性を持っていた」というのです。 これはやや意訳にすぎるようですが、こんなふうに考えれば innate love of reticence なるものが、彼という人物に具体的に存在している感じが出ます。 それ故にanの存在理由も微かながら認められるかも、というのが私の苦心の結論であります。」 こちらでは「数ある天性のうちの一つを持っていた」という風に解釈されています。
>「an innate love of reticence を持った人が大勢いて、Titoはそのうちの一人だ」 これなんですが、 僕の説明と、上で書いていることの違いというのは、 innate love of reticenceの集合の中の要素のお互いの異質性、お互いの同質性 ということだと思うんですね。 なんかいびつなinnate love of reticence、素直なinnate love of reticence、 怒りのinnate love of reticenceとかいろんなものがあるという異質性 というのが僕の説明の方で、 上で
さんが書いたのは、 innate love of reticenceは同質なんだけど、一つ一つ数えられる、というもので。
英語のくわしい研究方での抜き出しの方は、 innate loveにはいろんな種類があって一つはinnate love of reticence、 もう一つはinnate love of reticence of kindness, さらに別のものは innate love of reticence of anger. さらにもう一つはinnate love of reticence of madness, その中の innate love of reticenceをピックアップしたという ことになりますよね。単なる視点の違いのような。だからどれが正しいとか 正しくないとか言えなさそうな気がする。
ちなみに、この不定冠詞には「いろいろな innate love of reticence 」という意味はなく、単純に Tito had a love of reticence. Tito loved reticence. はどちらも同じ意味だという回答のネイティブもいました。 (その回答は最初に貼ったURLに載っています。)
genetic meaningというのはloveというものですね。 love of baseballというのは、その集合の中には色々ありそうだけど、つまり ナイターで風船飛ばすのが好きだ、とかメガホン持って声を出すのが好きだ とかあの雰囲気が好きだとか、戎橋に言って道頓堀に飛び込むのが好きだとか、 だけど熱狂的なファンとしてベースボール愛というものとしてありそうだ。 卓球愛とかバレーボール愛とか読書愛とか愛には色々あるだろう、なんて 言われたくない、ベースボール愛という他とは違うものがあるんだ、それが 広い価値観なんだ、という場合はベースボール愛集合が一つ特定化できるから the love of baseballでしょうね。 innate love of reticenceは多くの人が認めるところの価値観ではないよね、 innate love of sabotageとかいろんなinnate loveがある中の一つだよね、 ということでinnate love 集合から一つをピックアップした ということにリンク先の回答からではなりそうですけどね。 a love of walkはwalk熱がそんなに世間では強くないから、唯一の価値観としては ありえない訳でして、一つの価値観にすぎないでしょう、ということでa love of walk なんじゃないですか?
Outstanding. Hey, why can't you watch where you're going? I got to admit. I never saw anybody with *** before. Oh, you're heavy! Sorry, I meant.... You're a cyborg. I was just admiring your hand. Let me see. It's really nice work.
This one has a little cave in his chest. That's his head; there's the chest, you can kind of see the beginning. ●I'm going to go down the body for you●: There's a waterfall coming out of his chest, covering his penis -- or not-penis, or whatever it is, a kind of androgynous thing. ttp://https://ted2srt.org/talks/dustin_yellin_a_journey_through_the_mind_of_an_artist
* I lost my daughter ●to● cancer. * Japan lost its place ★to★ China as the second largest world economy.
このような to の使い方に納得するには、次のような二つの対処方法がある。
(1) そういうもんだと割り切って丸暗記して、それ以上は考えない。
(2) なぜなのか自分なりに納得しないと気が済まない人は、俺のように考える。 俺の考えでは、この場合の lose は give と似たような発想に基づく動詞ではないか ということだ。
I gave a bicycle to her. では、to が使われるだろう?それは、 自転車を与えた結果として、彼女の方に自転車が向かっていったのだ。だから to (〜の方に向かって) という前置詞が使われる。
I lost my daughter to her. では、娘を失うけど、それは言ってみれば他の奴 (ここでは cancer)に娘を与えてしまったのだ。娘を癌という憎い敵に 与えてしまって、娘が結果的に癌の方に向かっていってしまったのだ。
Japan lost its second place to China as the second largest economy in the world. でも、日本が第2の地位を中国に与えてしまったのだ。ただし、日本語の発想では 「与える」とはならず、「牛なお」とか「奪われる」となるから、to という前置詞に 納得がいかなくなる。
日本語の発想にとらわれたままじゃなくて、もしかしたら英語ネイティブは とんでもない発想をしているのではないかと想像してみれば、 to の使い方にも納得がいくのではないかと俺は考えている。
また聞き取りで申し訳なんだが 00:55 のあたりは the best way to describe it is like a dance. であってる? wayのあたりが聞き取り怪しい あと01:30あたりの I think every なんちゃら kids dream ここがわからんのだけどわかる方おられますか ttp://https://twitter.com/5chan_nel (5ch newer account)
1:30 -- I think it's every young kid's dream. やっぱりこれみたいだな。gang にも聞こえてしまうけど、他の人が言ったように gang kid よりも young kid にした方が、すんなりと前後の文脈に合うだろうね。 それに、gang に聞こえるとはいえ、母音の部分は a つまり apple の a ではなくて young の ou の部分の母音(つまり cut の u や button の u の母音)で 彼は発音しているように見えるから、余計に young が正解だと感じる。
この Mackenyu という人には、he の h や young の y を、標準的なアメリカ式の発音よりも. 強く発音する傾向があるから、young の頭にも g があるかのように感じられて しまうのかもしれない。
many people who were officially advised to evacuate crammed the evacuation center という文章があるのですがこの文章は正しいですか? cramは S cram O into〜 SがOを〜に詰める のように使うと思うのでcramの後にthe evacuation center が来るのは変な気がしてしまうのですが
I am sorry I haven't had a car→ I wish I had had a car. これ不思議やなw I'm sorry I haven't had a car for 4 years. → I wish I had had a car for 4 years. だと、仮定法過去完了だけど、現在のことを言ってる感じになる気がする 意味不明な文だけど、あー、(今、現時点で) 4年くらい車を所有してたらなあ、みたいな?
契約書なんですが、 This Cooperation Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into as of the (DATE) __________, by and between ここから↓のbrands周辺が上手く訳せません。 Professional Armwrestling League, represented by the parent company-owner of the “Professional Armwrestling League”, “Professional Armwrestling League USA” brands MAZURENKO ARMWRESTLING PROMOTION Sp. z.o.o located at ul. Okrzei 18/7, 81-245 Gdynia, Poland (“PAL") and ___________________, located at __________, __________, __________ __________ (“Federation”)
(1) Professional Armwrestling League, represented by the parent company-owner of the “Professional Armwrestling League”,
まず第1の当事者は、Professional Armwrestling League の親会社・オーナーによって 代表される Professional Armrwrestling League
(2) “Professional Armwrestling League USA” brands MAZURENKO ARMWRESTLING PROMOTION Sp. z.o.o located at ul. Okrzei 18/7, 81-245 Gdynia, Poland (“PAL") and ___________________, located at __________, __________, __________ __________ (“Federation”)
第2の当事者は、Professional Armwrestling League USA のブランドとしての MAZURENKO AARMWRESTLING PROMOTION Sp. zoo (所在地は ul. Okrzei 18/7, 81-245 Gdynia, Poland、以下これを PAL と略す)。
第3の当事者は、上記と同じく Professional Armrestling League USA のブランドとしての (.............................................) と称する組織(所在地は ................、以下これを Federation と称する)。
原文の後半 (1) Professional Armwrestling League, represented by the parent company-owner of the “Professional Armwrestling League”, “Professional Armwrestling League USA” brands MAZURENKO ARMWRESTLING PROMOTION Sp. z.o.o located at ul. Okrzei 18/7, 81-245 Gdynia, Poland (“PAL") and ___________________, located at __________, __________, __________ __________ (“Federation”)
のように解釈したかを示すために、 その構造(骨組み)をここに示してみる。上記の一節を単純化すると、次の通りになると思う。 なお、Professional Armwrestling League をすべて PAL と略称してみる。
(2) PAL, represented by the parent company-owner of the PAL, "PAL USA" brands [Promotion の社名], located at (Poland にある地名) (“PAL") and [社名 AAA]_, located at [地名 BBB] (“Federation”)
さて、(1) を単純化して表示すると (2) になるが、この (2) の中にある brands は、 brand が2つあることを示していると思う。そしてその2つの PAL USA brands とは、 そのあとに書いてある PAL という会社と Promotion と略称される会社との二つだと 俺は思っているのだが、どうだろうか?少しでも変だと思ったら、どうか 追加質問してくれたら、俺なりに追加回答する。
I'm neither in a hurry to live nor am I in a hurry to die. 生死を争うようなものではない。
「neither A nor B」の構文をウィズダムで引くと、 「原則として独立した2文をAとBの要素にすることはできない. ただし2つの命令文を接続することは可能 」と出ています。 上の例文のnor以降が独立した文になっているのですが、これでいいのでしょうか? 例文は『ネイティブがよく使う英会話表現ランキング』という本のものです。
Many precious things were lost,including articles associated with Souma Gyohu,of school-anthem fame,which the Japanese restaurant had kept. という文章があるのですがincludingはどこにかかっているのでしょうか
(1) TV Fanatic-Aug 6, 2019 And I'm ●neither a slut nor● am I going to be shamed by someone named, excuse me, Chuck Clayton! Does he really think he can get away with ...
(2) Telegraph.co.uk-Jul 11, 2019 Well, I'm ●neither of those things. Nor● am I transphobic. I do not care what consensual shenanigans people get up to in private, how they dress in ...
(3) Washington Post-Mar 2, 2019 I'm ●neither brilliant nor am I● a hero. I am a guy who loves science (and a lot of other things) and fights for funding to work on some pretty ...
she put on foundation with added powder. という文章で なぜfoundation with powderでもなく foundation added powderでもなく foundation with added powder なのでしょうか それぞれの意味の違いなどを教えて欲しいです
foundation with powder だと、クリームじゃなくてパウダーでファンデーションしたみたくなる foundation added powder は foundation added to powder としないと文法的におかしい foundation added to powder はパウダーに加えられたクリームみたいな感じになり意味的におかしい foundation with added powder だとパウダーが加えられたクリーム(ファンデーション)なんだな、という感じになるお
I look seven–teen という時に、seven–teenは抽象名詞なんですか? a がseven-teenの前にないから普通名詞ではないし。 I look her age のher ageと品詞的には同じですよね。 しかも Iの補語にseven–teenやher ageはなっているけどイコールでは 実際上あり得なくて、この時はIはseven–teenに属するとかher ageに属する という意味として捉えるということらしいけど、この場合にはa がいらないですか? I am a Tigers. (タイガースに所属する野球選手だ)みたいな。 I am Tigers だとおかしいですよね。なんか図々しいというか
ダブルクオーテーションで括るとき、カンマ、ピリオド、クエッションマークなどの記号は ダブルクオーテーションの中に入れますが、これって混乱を招くことはないんですかね? たとえばパソコンに詳しくない人が Please create a file named "hoge," and then open it. と言われて「hoge,」という名前のファイルを作ってしまう恐れってないんでしょうか?
疑問詞と考えると、何が起こるか と訳し、 関係代名詞と考えると、将来起こるもの と訳す。 ではどちらなのか、ということについては どちらでも良いと本に書いていた. 関係副詞はくるよ。 Im not sure where he lives. Im not sure when the fireworks will begin. とか。where は 接続詞+there、whenは接続詞+then だから、こういうのを関係副詞と言います。 疑問詞と言ってもいいよ
>>I am his ageと seven teenは 置き換え可能だよね。 形容詞と言ってもいいし名詞とも言えるし。
俺は品詞が何かなどという細かい文法議論が大嫌いなんだけど、今回はあえて 一言を言わせてもらおう。
I am his age. と I am seventeen. とは、確かに置き換えられる。しかしだからと言って、 his age も seventeen も名詞だと言えるだろうか?
I am his age. は、実は I am ★of★ his age. という意味であり、その of が脱落した だけのことだ。だから今回の his age は、例の「副詞的目的格」の this way, that way, the way I look at it, this morning, last night などと 少し似た扱いを受けるんだろうと思う。this way が形の上では名詞だからと言って、 Come this way. の this way が名詞だとは言えないだろう?
同じように、I am his age. の his age とか I am seventeen. の seventeen が 名詞だとは言えないだろうと思う。これらは二つとも、形容詞だと言いたくなる。 I am (of) his age. とか I am seventeen. は、I am Japanese. というときの Japanese と同じような働きをして、Japanese がここでは名詞ではなくて 形容詞であるのと同じく、(of) his age とか seventeen も形容詞なのだろう。 (of) his age も seventeen も、その人の性質を表すからね。
叙述用法の形容詞と、補語としてきた普通名詞の区別は つきにくいのかもしれませんね もともとの文章は I look about the same age as my sister. これは ofがlookとaboutの間にきてるけど 省略されていると考えるとageは(the sameが きてるので)名詞だけど、問題ない、という ことになりますね
"Music plays a monumental role throughout Cowboy Bebop often blurring the line between the diegetic and non-diegetic for an experience that makes the score by Yoko Kanno and the Seatbelts even more integral to the experience"
Music plays an important role ●for● a good experience.
とでも言えそうだろう?だったら辞書なんて引かなくても、前後の関係で for が to create とかいう意味になりそうだとわかるだろうに。 よく似た例文を、Google の News を使ってニュースサイトから引き出してみる。
(1) Business Wire (press release)-Mar 14, 2019 Studies prove that: In addition to a balanced lifestyle, the right diet ★plays an important role for★ a radiantly beautiful and youthful appearance.
(2) Telegraph India-Oct 4, 2018 Although carbohydrate is not essential for a canine diet, it ★plays an important role for★ a balanced diet.
(3) TeleAnalysis-Dec 14, 2018 In online gaming, high speed and uninterrupted internet connectivity ★plays a major role for★ a fulfilling gaming experience.
ネイティブは意味としては、creatingとして、分詞構文で言っても同じなんだよね というつもりでcreatingといったのでは? そしてそれは---を作り出すんだ。 blurring the line between the diegetic and non-diegetic for an experience that makes the score b = blurring the line between the diegetic and non-diegetic , creating an experience that makes the score ...
調べたところ integral to the experience は「○○にとって不可欠」という意味で使われているようなので for 以下は「菅野よう子とシートベルツの楽曲はカウボーイビバップにとって必要不可欠だと感じさせるような体験(=空気感や臨場感など)を作り上げている」 と自分は解釈してみましたがどうでしょうか
It is a series of lessons with the greatest for the last. = It is a series of lessons with the greatest quality (または contents) for the last one (= the last lesson). = It (= Education) is a series of lessons that provide the greatest quality (OR contents) for the last one.
ここでの with はもちろん、例の奇妙な文法用語を使えば「付帯状況を表すための with 」だろうな。 for は、「(最後のレッスン)に関しては」とか「(最後のレッスン)のために」というような 意味だろう。Conan Doyle がせっかく with と for を使って見事な英文を書いてくれている のだから、何も他の言葉に変えて下手な英文にパラフレーズする必要もないんだが、 原文を理解するために仕方なく書き換えてみた。
It is a series of lessons with the greatest for the last. それは(教育というものは)一連のレッスンであって、最後のもの(最後のレッスン)と しては最高のものが用意されているんだ。
It (= Education) is a series of lessons where the greatest contents are provided for the last one (= lesson). と書き換えてもいいかと思うが、ひょっとしたら the greatest は the greatest students のことかもしれない。(いや、違うかな? やっぱり the greatest contents と解釈すればいいかな?)
例えば、Lesson 1 からLesson 10で完結する課程(a series of lessons )があり、最後のlesson 10 が分量的にも質的にもgreatest である場合には、 a series of lessons with the greatest for the last と言えるんじゃないですか?
>>If my brother is fine, I will go to America after I retirement.
(1) "after I retirement" は変だ。"after I retire" とか "after my retirement" としなければならない。
(2) America と言えばアメリカ合衆国のことだと考えるのは、合衆国の人間だけだ。 それ以外の人たちはみな、America と言えば南北アメリカ全体を指すものだと考えている。 だから合衆国の人間が合衆国のことを America と呼んでいるのを見ると、苦々しく思って いるそうだ。だから the USA と言い換えた方がいいと思う。
(3) そのうえで原文を書き換えると If my brother is fine, I will go to the USA after I retire (OR after my retirement). となりそうだけど、実は If my brother is fine after my retirement (OR after I retire), I will go to the USA. とした方がよいと思う。その理由については、俺は説明できないが、いずれにしても その方が座りがいいはずだ。
このwithは普通に 「a. 〈物・事〉を持って(いる), …のある[付いた], …を得て(↔ without; → have 他動詞 1 表現 ) ▸ a man witha beard [gray eyes]」 で、with以下はseries of lessonsを修飾してるんでしょ。 a group of soldiers with a great leaderとかと構造的には一緒。
forに関しては、series内の要素の位置を指定しているので、 僕なんかだとatを使いたくなっちゃうんだけど、 "for the last element of a vector"みたいなのと同じ感じ。
は、"save (saving) the best for (the) last" (最後の方の the がつくときもあるしつかないときもある) という言い回しに似たものが含まれているような気がするけど、この "save (saving) the best for (the) last" は、かなり頻繁に使われているような気がする。1992年のヒット曲のタイトルにさえなった。
1 〔真の味わい・楽しさ〕 a genuine [real] delight; true joy; real pleasure; a real thrill; 〔おいしさ〕 a delicious [superb] flavor; an exquisite taste [savor]; nectar.
人生の醍醐味 the true joy of life
・音楽の醍醐味 the real thrill of music.
こういうファインプレーが野球の醍醐味だね. Such a fine play is the real pleasure of baseball.
・ジェットコースターの醍醐味はスリルとスピードにある. The real enjoyment of a roller coaster is in its thrill and speed.
もしも to をつけたら (1) (*)Promise me we'll never be to part. になってしまうが、もしもどうしても "be to 動詞" という構文が使いたければ (2) (?)Promise me we're never to part. になるはずだろう?(2) で意味が事足りているのに、わざわざ (1) なんていう 変な英文を書く人もいないだろう。英語ネイティブでも英語の下手な奴がたくさんいるから、 絶対に損な書き方はあり得ないなんてことは言えないが。
ants attracted my attention when I moved into an apartment in Kuala Lumpur. I hadn't noticed them when I first saw the apartment. なぜI noticedではなくI hadn't noticedなのですか?
The first time ★she'd come★ on the pipe field she was nearly frozen with panic and only kept moving by the sight of Graham cycling ahead unaware that anything was wrong. She ★stared★ as far as possible to her left, into the hedge. She still ★saw★ at the edge of vision the open ground on her right...
第一センテンスの was nearly frozen や kept moving などが冒頭の従属節 The first time she'd come と同じ時(大過去)を表していることは言うまでもないが、 注意しなければならないのは、第二・第三センテンスの stared と was も意味的には she'd come と時が同じだということである。
英文で小説を書いている人による質問 I’m writing a story in the past tense and I’ve reached a scene where my protagonist recalls an event that happened further in the past. The story within a story runs for about a page and a half and starts with “I’d had a few drinks…”
Should I continue the whole recollection in the past perfect or shift to the simple [past]?
それに対する文法解説者による解説 The past perfect tense is useful for showing a shift away from a time in the past to a time even further in the past. However, for an extended flashback, you might not want to use the past perfect tense for the whole thing, for a couple of reasons. (中略) ttp://https://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/flashbacks-in-books
上記の解説の続き(同じサイトの4ページ目) ... to some degree it’s a matter of personal writing style whether you use the past perfect for your entire flashback, or look for an opportunity to ease into the simple past tense. If your flashback takes up an entire chapter, or section of a book, you’ll definitely want to slip into the more comfortable past tense, but for flashbacks of several paragraphs or several pages, styles differ. ttp://https://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/flashbacks-in-books?page=3
(1) Kids nowadays are more used to screens than books.... (2) Young people today are better educated and capable of earning more money... (3) ... women abroad are going in for this treatment, ... (4) ... business people here are now realizing that this huge expansion of government is not ... (5) The comments online are mainly positive. (6) ... there is a very high correlation (about 0.84) between the prices today and those yesterday.
Forbes-Feb 12, 2014 The natural and correct path for Japan today and tomorrow is pacifism and essential neutrality between the United States and China.
During the next three months Americans in seven United States cities will have an unusual opportunity to probe the meaning of contemporary Japanese culture through a series of exhibitions, film showings, panel discussions and performing arts events collectively entitled ★"Japan Today."★ (New York Times)
ttp://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJR_183h5VU の1分26秒位からなんですが、 The first time ??? nuclear weapons might have been used ??? with the United States of America and people’s republic of China would be at war with each other.
The first time nuclear weapons might have been used is when the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China were at war with each other.
冒頭の The first time のあとに何か言っているけど、それは、I (私) という言葉を 言おうとしたけどやめているように聞こえる。だから無意味な音だと考えていいと思う。
>>The first time nuclear weapons might have been used is when the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China were at war with each other.
もし仮に演説者が本当に上のように言っているとしたら、実際には 中国と米国が戦争したことはないはずだから、もしも標準的で 丁寧な英文にするならば when は if というべきところで、 might have been used は might be used にすべきところだろう。 さらには、if ... should とでもした方がいいような気もする。 したがって、上の英文をきちんとした英文にするなら、 次のようにでも書くことになると思う。
The first time nuclear weapons might be used is if the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China should be at war with each other.
で、がんばって聴き取った結果: The first time that nuclear weapons might have been used was when the United States of America and the People's Republic of China were at war with each other.
余談だけど、中村保男氏が翻訳した「アウトサイダー」を、むさぼり読んだことがある。 Colin Wilson が書いたベストセラー "The Outsider" の日本語訳であり、これの 日本語訳が新刊書として駅前の本屋さんに平積みされているのをみて、手に取って その巻末の中村保男氏による「訳者あとがき」を読み、その中の
(1) this time next week; at this time next week これはたぶん、「来週の今」という意味であって、厳密に言えば「まさにちょうど今」という感じで あって、「今ごろ」というふうなぼやけた意味ではないはず。もちろん、本当に「まさにちょうど今」 ならば "right this time" とか "exactly this time" という感じだから、this time とか at this time なら少しだけ時間幅があるはずだけどね。
(2) about this time next week; around this time next week 来週の今ごろ
(3) by this time next week 来週の今までに(つまり来週の今から少し前も含む)
以下の英文は、東洋宗教に対するキリスト教の優位性を述べたものです。(「英語リーディングの探求」の問題文です) 最終行の nor is the obligation to enter the sheepfold ... は何を主張したいのでしょうか。 最終行以外は「東洋宗教よりもキリスト教のほうが偉い」ということが分かりやすく書かれていますが、最後だけは何を言いたいのかわかりません。
The religions of the East, adherents of which appear in these pages, should be taken for what they are worth --- as no better than pagan forms of belief and ethics. The highest estimate that can be made of them scarcely brings them to the level of the best of the old philosophies. The gems that sparkle in them clearly are not their own, and the great traditions they reflect have come from a common source to which no one of them can lay a special claim. The zeal with which their members act according to their lights, and the efforts they make to capture heaven, as they understand it, must awaken in us thoughts of sympathy; but the Oneness of Faith is not affected by their struggles, nor is the obligation to enter the sheepfold by the door less pressing because a few in their invincible ignorance and longing for God have scaled the fence, and been allowed to mingle with the sheep.
いきなりその部分だけ切り取られても、いろんな意味になりうるよ。 もしかしてそれは、Alice Cooper が 1971 年にリリースしたアルバムのタイトルか? もしそうなら、そのアルバムの中にある3つ目の曲が、次のようなもので、 その中に I love it to death. とあるから、まあだいたいあなたの言う通りの意味だろうな。
KAREN: All right, *** the mystery group you want it up there, and after, "Would you repeat that, please?" Up again, and where do I get off?
TONY PELUSO: Mark Rudolf? You're wrong right there.
KAREN: I don't know what you're going to say next.
TONY: Hey, Mark.
MARK: Yeah.
TONY: That's two of the call loser five times.
KAREN: Okay, let's do it.
TONY: Yeah, That's "The Night Has a Thousand Eyes." One of Bobby Vee's biggest hits. All right, right now I've got Mark Rudolf of North Hollywood California on the line. Mark, are you there?
MARK: Yeah.
TONY: All right, Mark. For 1,000 dollars, can you give me the identity of our golden mystery group? Oh, Mark, are you there?
TONY: Mark Rudolf, would you replete? I want you to replete it and lower the cuss. [Laughter from the rest of the group]
MARK: You blew it again, Tone.
SOMEONE: That's right.
TONY: Okay.
SOMEONE: You're rolling on ***
TONY: All right, that was "The Night Has a Thousand Eyes," one of the Bobby Vee's biggest hits. All right, right now I've Mark Rudolf of North Hollywood, California on the line. Mark, are you there?
SOMEONE: I'm sorry.
[Laughter from Karen] I'm really sorry about this.
僕なら Dearest Mother とか I am Your Child とか You are My Mother とか I love You, Mother とか書くかな チェックしてないからググって みて、表現的に間違ってないか 調べないといけないけど。 (上に書いたのは適当に書いたんで チェックしないといけないけど)
And a writer cannot communicate unless he knows the written patterns of English , any more than a speaker can communicate if he dosen't know the patterns of spoken sentences. この文なんですが前半は〜すれば必ず〜する。でわかるのですが 後半は ”同様に話し手はもし文章のパターンを知らなければコミュニケーションできる”でいいのでしょうか? 内容的におかしくなっちゃう気がするんですが
> これが分からないレベルだと、後半のnot ~ any more than (いわゆる鯨構文)の理解も難しいだろう。 この部分がちょっとわからないんですが前半の cannot と=で結ばれるから後半の a speaker can communicateの部分が「できないのと同様である」 となるんでしょうか?
the world below だけでなく、一般的に、形容詞とは違って副詞は名詞の直後において 後ろから修飾していることがよくある。
young people today -- 最近の若者たち Japan today -- 現在の日本(最近の日本) The USA today -- 現代のアメリカ young women these days -- 最近の若い女性たち the man here -- ここにいる男 that man over there -- そこにいるあの男 messages online -- オンラインのメッセージ the guy up there -- 上の方にいる人(神様を意味することもある) the guy down there -- 下の方にいる人
(1) be going to のあとに go をつけることは、よくある。 (2) go check とか go get とか go look など、「go + 動詞の原形」とか 「come + 動詞の原形」は、会話ではあまりにも頻繁に使われる。 それぞれ go and get とか go to get とか come and (または to) get という意味を表す。 語呂がいいから、英語ネイティブはそのようにしゃべりたがるらしい。
ランダムハウスより: often の t は17世紀まで発音されていたが,以後[t]のない発音が北米および英国の教育のある人々の間に優勢となった. その後綴(つづ)り字発音の一般化により[t]が復活し,現在では[t]のある発音とない発音が併存する. [t]のある発音は非難されることもあるが,今では教育のある人々にも広く用いられている.
round the twist / round the bend 気が狂って、逆上して という表現がありますが、これはどういうニュアンスなのでしょうか? 他動詞のroundは「仕上げる」というような意味なので 何かを仕上げてみたらねじれていた、曲がっていた→逆上 というような意味かとも思いますし ねじれや歪曲は心の中の状態のことで、心の中をねじれた状態にした、 というような意味なのかとも思います
Wouldn't it be better to meet and discuss this matter in person, rather than communicating via e-mail ?
上記の例文で、communicating via e-mailと直接対比されているのは、仮主語の1tと真主語のto meet and discuss this matter in person のどちらなのでしょうか?真主語の方だとしたら、rather thanの後ろもto communicate via e-mailとすることも可能なのでしょうか?
“Things are moving along nicely. If we had unlimited, you know, money and personnel, would it happen faster? Yeah, ●it sure would●,” said Dr. Janson. (ネット上のニュース記事より)